Device compliance
A policy defining what makes a device acceptable, used as a condition for granting access.
Compliance rules typically require disk encryption, a supported operating system version, current patches, a screen lock, and working endpoint protection. Intune or a comparable tool evaluates each device against them continuously.
Combined with conditional access this becomes powerful: company data is reachable only from devices you can verify are healthy, so a stolen password on an unmanaged machine gets nowhere.
Where this comes up
Device compliance sits inside our identity and access work. If you are trying to work out what this means for your own environment rather than in the abstract, that is the page worth reading next, and a short call will get you a straight answer faster than either.