Next-generation firewall
Also known as NGFW
A firewall that inspects traffic by application and content rather than only by port and address.
Traditional firewalls decide based on source, destination, and port. An NGFW identifies the actual application in the traffic, inspects it for threats, applies web filtering, and can enforce policy per user rather than per IP address.
The capabilities usually require subscription licensing on top of the hardware, and inspection of encrypted traffic needs certificate deployment to work. Both are frequently missed when budgeting.
Where this comes up
Next-generation firewall sits inside our networks and infrastructure work. If you are trying to work out what this means for your own environment rather than in the abstract, that is the page worth reading next, and a short call will get you a straight answer faster than either.